Much of a person's height, skin color, and facial features are inherited; many of the more subtle variations that make us unique are also written in a component of our genes. Some of these variants make us less susceptible to disease. For example, each of us has a set of genes that encodes the heme, which is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, if one of these heme genes has a certain single-letter mutation and inherits it from both parents at the same time Mutated genes cause sickle-cell anemia. Interestingly, if you have a defective, normal backup heme gene in your genome, then not only is there no problem, but you are not susceptible to malaria.

Such a genetic makeup would banner design confer a significant advantage in reproductive achievement in malaria-ridden regions. Because of this, the mutated allele is fairly common in malaria-ridden regions. Individual mutations are usually not all good or all bad, and the outcome depends on the environment, such as whether the gene was acquired from both parents at the same time, as well as local environmental conditions. Mutations in the 20,000 genes in the human genome can pave the way for disease. So far, more than 6,500 genetic mutations have been linked to specific diseases. Most of these mutations do not guarantee disease, and if they did, the gene would soon be removed from the genetic society by natural selection. Instead, they only slightly increase the likelihood of getting sick due to complex interactions with the environment and other genetic variants.

Before a disease can develop, it must go through a complex process of steps, as in the case of cancer: a mutation alone is not enough to cause the disease. The evolution you can see and taste: skin color and the ability to digest dairy The genetic differences between people can be as many as a million letters, but the information these differences can provide to reconstruct human history is very limited. For positions in the genome with two different versions (such as someone with a C and someone with a T), 85% of them can be compared with one of our own chromosomes with a neighbor's chromosome, or with living on another planet. This difference is drawn by comparing the chromosomes of one side of the person. We can even find it on two corresponding chromosomes in our own body, because half of our gene bodies are inherited from our father and half from our mother, and they are also different.